While some upper elementary students I have taught find multiplying larger numbers using the standard method effective, for others it can cause a lot of confusion! What is that placeholder zero all about? Why am I carrying over numbers? I’m sure you’ve had to answer these questions before!

Using an area model method gives many of my students a less daunting way of learning multi-digit multiplication and a deeper understanding of this math concept.

The area model multiplication method is a written technique that involves breaking down numbers into their partitioned values before multiplying them.

This technique is also known as the grid method or box method.

Advantages of using the Area Model for Multiplication

• It builds on students’ understanding of arrays.
• In my opinion, it is a much easier method to scaffold. In my lessons I have found that I can differentiate and adapt area model questions to meet the needs of all learners, regardless of their level of understanding or learning style. 
• I can enable students to build on their understanding by applying a step-by-step process. This process includes writing equations in each box, filling in the products on a pre-labeled area model or fully label and complete an area model.

• The visual nature of the area model can be helpful for learners who struggle with abstract reasoning.
• It is easy to represent the box method multiplication model using math manipulatives such as base ten blocks.
• It helps demonstrate the distributive law of multiplication. 
• It can support the development of estimation skills within multi-digit multiplication.
• It’s versatile. You can use it for other topics such as fractions, decimals and or algebra (where you can swap number values for letters).

Tips for Teaching Area Model Multiplication

• Make sure foundation skills are understood by students, for example partitioning numbers and place value.
• Break it down: I start with 2 digits by 1-digit multiplication problems to help students grasp the concept. As understanding grows I gradually increase the difficulty to include 2-digit by 2-digit multiplication and 3-digit by 2-digit multiplication. 
• I would recommend area models for multiplication problems no more than 4 digits by 2 digits. Anything more becomes cumbersome for students. 
• Use visual aids: Visual aids are a powerful tool when teaching area model multiplication. you could use graph paper, colored pencils, and manipulatives such as base ten blocks. You can then link back to arrays and highlight the concept of equal grouping again. 
• Use color coding for each partial product. using different colors to represent the different parts of a multiplication problem can help students visualize how the area model works. 
• Use real-world examples to help students connect the concepts to their everyday lives.
•  Practice practice practice: Provide plenty of opportunities for students to practice area model multiplication through worksheets, games, and other activities. 
• Consider using error analysis activities to help students develop critical thinking skills for this math concept.

Resources to support your teaching of area model multiplication.

Jumping Elephant Math resources are designed to meet the needs of a variety of learners and aligned with common core standards. Check out these best-selling no-prep area model multiplication worksheets. Click on this link on the image below for further details.

Long Division Area Model method

The area model method is also a very valuable tool for teaching long division in upper elementary lessons. To learn how to use this method for long division, please click here.